Digital imaging has many advantages: results are available instantaneously and, if not satisfactory, a new image can be taken immediately.
However, there is one downside: the resolution of certain images. In most cases, like shots of a single fingerprint or overviews of a crime scene, the resolution is sufficient for the intended use. A problem is encountered when a shoeprint needs to be photographed. Enlargement of this kind of trace may result in dpi (dots per inch) resolution that is low and unsuitable for making comparisons. This was true when the first GLScan was delivered in 2006 and it still is.
The standard for the resolution of fingerprints captured for AFIS systems is 1000 dpi. Shoeprints can contain identifiable details that can be finer in detail than a fingerprint (Schallamach patterns for example). Recording a lifted shoeprint should therefore be at least 1000 dpi in our opinion.
Digital cameras still fall short of this goal. Using a 36.3-megapixel camera to photograph a Gellifter sized 13 x 36 cm will produce an image with a resolution of 520 dpi. A 155-megapixel camera would be needed to capture a shoeprint sized gellifter with a resolution of 1000 dpi.
With the GLScan (Gellifter scanner), traces obtained by Gellifters are recorded in a high resolution. The GLScan was the first system to be specially designed for digital recording of traces lifted with black Gellifters.
File sizes of scanned images (uncompressed tif format, 8-bit) vary from 23.7 MB for a 9x13 cm scan to 115 MB for 18x36 cm.
The GLScan is equipped with three individual light sources that provide for an even illumination of the complete surface of the Gellifter. Two of these sources are specially for the scanning of black Gellifters. They produce light of high intensity and enable the capture of even the weakest traces. The Gellifter is kept perfectly flat on a vacuum table while scanning is in progress to avoid unwanted reflections giving rise to hotspots in the image.
Distortion of an image, the so-called fish-eye effect, is limited to the absolute minimum with the GLScan. A cleverly placed high-quality lens ensures an image that is distortion-free along both the x and y axes.
In contrast to traditional photography, in which a lot of effort is spent finding the correct illumination and exposure time, developing film, et cetera, the GLScan is very efficient. A shoeprint is scanned in less than 2.5 minutes. The image is automatically saved on the hard disk of the connected computer. If an image processing program is installed, the scanned image will be opened directly in that program for evaluation and adjustment/fine-tuning.
The scantime for a lifter of 13 cm long will be 1 min, 10 seconds. For a scan of 36 cm 2 min, 25 sec is needed.
The GLScan is operated by a PC running Windows. The command window on the screen is well-organized and simple to operate allowing choice/selection of scan size, illumination, whether vacuum is used during scanning, and the camera sensitivity (gain). Case and item number can be entered for use in the file name of the image (important for archiving). Additional data can be entered, such as place and date/time of obtaining the evidence, which is stored together with the image file (EXIF information in the TIFF format).
The images captured by the GLScan are automatically saved on the hard disk of the connected computer.
With the entry of a new case number, a new folder (subdirectory) is made with the case number as name. Each image name combines the case and item numbers with "_ref" and the "tif" extension, i.e. casenumber_itemnumber_ref.tif.
This 'raw' image is stored as a "read-only" file and can be viewed as the negative in traditional photography.
A lower resolution image (e.g. 500 dpi) can be stored at the same time in another or the same directory in either tif or jpg format.
The GLScan is delivered with an up-to-date computer (Windows) and a 30" monitor, GLScan software, a vacuum pump (mounted in a sound-absorbing, mechanically ventilated cabinet - dimensions [L x W x H]: 100 x 54 x 65 cm, 65 kg) and two vacuum tables of 13 and 18 cm width (maximum scan length 36 cm). Each vacuum table is fitted with a ruler on a long and a short side. Image processing software is not included.